What better way to start the fall semester but with a discussion of the importance of productivity (see Chapter 1, pages 13-18). There we write: “only through increases in productivity can the standard of living improve.” For well over a century, the U.S. has been able to increase productivity at about 2.5% per year, meaning U.S. wealth doubled every 30 years. But in the past decade, the news is not good. As The Wall Street Journal’s (Aug. 10, 2016) front page headline declares: “Productivity Fall Imperils Growth.”