A digital twin is a virtual representation of an object or system that spans its lifecycle, is updated from real-time data, and uses simulation, machine learning and reasoning to help decision-making.
NASA tested an early iteration of a digital twin in response to the Apollo 13 disaster in 1970, using training simulators to match the conditions on the crippled spacecraft and test potential strategies for bringing the astronauts home safely. Today’s digital twins are much more advanced, writes The Wall Street Journal ( March 20, 2023). Not only do they pull in real-time data, but also use AI to capture insights and make predictions, such as identifying potential problems before they happen. The technology also can eliminate the need for physical prototyping of products such as automobiles, and offer a way to test different configurations for spaces such as warehouses and stores, potentially saving time and money.
Companies in every industry are looking at the technology to help them improve processes, reduce costs, conserve resources, boost employee safety and productivity: 17% said they have or plan to deploy digital twins.
For example, the massive San Francisco Airport relies on a digital twin to keep the facility running smoothly. It is a 3-dimensional virtual replica of the airport that is continuously updated with data gathered from embedded sensors throughout the airport. If the maintenance team were to receive a request to change door locks, for example, it could consult the digital twin to find the locations of all the doors that need service.
Another growing area is construction. Modern buildings are already layered with sensors and data-gathering systems that building operators can combine in a digital twin to help them improve a structure’s efficiency, sustainability and security. Building managers can use digital twins to keep track of systems—such as EV charging, smart glass that darkens to reduce energy costs and even soap dispensers with built-in sensors that know when it’s time for a refill—all in one place.
Other complicated systems might benefit from connected digital twins, too. A collection of twins representing everything from stadiums to freeways to public parks has the potential to change the way governments build cities and provide services. Cities might use the technology to create more efficient trash-pickup schedules and routes, for example, or to change traffic patterns when there is a spike in additional people getting on the road from, say, a stadium event.
Classroom discussion questions:
- How might a digital twin be used at your university?
- Why are twins so useful?